What is the difference between an "aria" and a "recitative" in opera?

The distinction between an aria and a recitative in opera is primarily characterized by their functions in the context of a performance. An aria is a solo vocal piece that typically allows the singer to express personal emotions and feelings. It serves as a moment for reflection or emotional depth, often allowing the character to showcase vocal virtuosity and artistry.

In contrast, recitative is structured to advance the plot of the opera. It often features a more speech-like quality, focusing on dialogue rather than emotional expression. The music accompanying recitative tends to be more sparse and functional, designed to propel the narrative forward while maintaining the dramatic action.

This distinction highlights how arias and recitatives play different roles in storytelling within opera. While both involve vocal compositions, the emotional depth of an aria and the narrative function of recitative are what truly differentiate the two forms. Recognizing these differences enhances the understanding of how operatic music contributes to both character development and plot progression.