What is the "call and response" structure in music?

The "call and response" structure in music involves a musical statement or phrase, referred to as the "call," followed by a subsequent phrase that serves as a response. This interaction creates a dynamic dialogue within the music, and it is a fundamental characteristic found across various musical genres, particularly in African music, gospel, jazz, and blues, among others. The call often invites a direct musical reply, which can be vocal or instrumental, allowing for improvisation and expression within the structure.

This method encourages participation and engagement, both from performers and audiences, and emphasizes the collaborative nature of music-making. The structure is not merely about two singers performing a duet or a repetitive phrase; instead, it is the interplay of distinct musical ideas where one sets the stage for the other, making it a vital component of many musical traditions.